![]() ![]() Obviously, the rubber ball will rebound off the surface, but with only a fraction of its original energy, because all real collisions are inelastic. Let’s suppose a rubber ball bounces on a flat, hard surface. It simply states that when two bodies collide, the speed with which they move after the collision depends on the material from which they are made. Pertaining to the collision of two objects, Newton formulated a theory that we now know as Newton’s law of restitution. ![]() Many of these laws were first derived by the same super popular scientist who is credited with numerous discoveries and derivations, meaning that he has a number of patents to his name – Sir Isaac Newton. When two objects collide with each other, many forces come into play, which also means the application of various mathematical equations. Coefficient of restitution: A simple explanation It can be more than 1 if there is an energy gain during the collision from a chemical reaction, a reduction in rotational energy, or another internal energy decrease that contributes to the post-collision velocity. The value is almost always less than 1 due to initial translational kinetic energy being lost to rotational kinetic energy, plastic deformation, and heat. It is measured in the Leeb rebound hardness test, expressed as 1000 times the COR, but it is only a valid COR for the test, not as a universal COR for the material being tested. A perfectly inelastic collision has a coefficient of 0, but a 0 value does not have to be perfectly inelastic. It normally ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 would be a perfectly elastic collision. Another way of saying this is that the coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the velocity components along the normal plane of contact after and before the collision. The coefficient of restitution (COR, also denoted by e), is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. ![]()
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